example of descriptive criticism in art

Man Ray Photography & Surrealism | Who was Man Ray? Describing focuses on the physical, perceivable features of the artwork. But in the end, as in the To describe an artwork is to provide facts, not opinions, for example: Thomas Cole painted The Voyage of Life, Youth in 1840. Describe the symmetry, if any. The high-intensity colors of the foreground contrast with the low-intensity colors of the background, creating the effect of depth in the painting. This is just a sample. In the first example, if (as is, of course, overwhelmingly likely) the artist does not intend to be inaudible, he will take exactly the same corrective action as he would take if told baldly to increase his volume. Omissions? Borrow ideas and keywords and texts from many theoretical traditions. While a reviewer can be anyone with an opinion, a critic is expected to have a deeper knowledge of the history, content or design of the work being critiqued. It is a philosophy that can be put to use in any medium. In art criticism, judgment is never personal; it is about interpreting the art and whether the art communicates a message to the audience. The step of analysis requires the critic to discuss how the elements of the artwork work together in terms of the principles of art, for example: balance, contrast, emphasis, or movement. She has taught visual art, humanities, English, aesthetic theory, and academic writing. Natural, clear, compatible, distinctive, lively, stimulating, subtle, sympathetic Artificial, clashing, depressing, discordant, garish, gaudy, jarring, unfriendly, violent The color palette means the dominant colors used. Many cultures have strong traditions of art evaluation. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. The most informative descriptions use concrete language to provide an image in the mind's eye. What is one of the purposes of this chapter? You may not be able to pinpoint the style exactly, but describe it in your own words. Deciding on an interpretation does not mean guessing what the artwork means, or stating an opinion. WebThe first, and most familiar, can be called " prescriptive criticism." All of which brings up an irony. In the second, it might be "I wondered why Bob wasn't more upset by Tom's actions." The medium of the artwork is the material that the artist has used, for example, paint, clay, or photographic paper. One way to ensure that you get descriptive criticism in such a session (though it's counterintuitive at first) is to allow only questions from the audience. (Even if the artist tries to tell me what is intended, this is still a danger, language being often inadequate in this area.). Is she smiling? The next step is analyzing the work by discussing how its parts work together. The Romantics placed high value on imagination and emotion, and they painted in a naturalistic style to represent subjects in a realistic way, even if the subjects were imaginary. But I wouldn't be here if I did not think it could be even better, so stop wasting my time and give me something I can use." In the lesson, you learned about the four steps art critics follow in the process of critiquing a work of art. That's a hugely important distinction. Third, state a meaning for the artwork (interpret). The artist is responsible for what the audience receives, whether or not it is intended. The alarm didn't go off, which means we'll miss the bus again today. One piece of art criticism does not provide the final word on any artwork. If an artwork is representational, the critic identifies and describes the subject (the ''who'' or the ''what'' that the artwork is about). There are many artists in the world who claim their art work to be valuable and worth the time and money of the viewers. I was "being the audience," reflecting the actors' performances back to them so that they could make their own choices about how to modify them, rather than telling them what to change. This is why it is very important that everyone understands what the purpose of the session is--and it might not be exactly what you want it to be. On learning that the audience (or reader, or whatever, depending on the medium) feels some disconnect between Tom's actions and Bob's reaction to them, he will be left to address this disconnect in any way that seems best to him--clarifying the reasons for Tom's actions so that they no longer seem to require an angry response from Bob, clarifying Bob's character so that we can see that he's not the sort to get angry--whichever approach serves his artistic intent. Formal Analysis Paper Example 1. Architecture presents a unique set of issues that require a unique critical approach; for architectural criticism, see architecture. Formal Analysis Paper Example 3. Historians have traced the roots of art criticism as it functions today back to 17th century discourse about the works of art exhibited in the official French salons. 2.) Islamic cultures have long traditions of historiographical writing about art. Leaning forward in his little boat, the youthful man exudes the energy and enthusiasm associated with his adolescent point-of-view. All rights reserved. The meaning of an artwork might be, for example, the communication of an idea, an expression of emotion, a particular representation of a person, place or thing, or a critique of a social or political situation. The art critique example in this lesson accounts for the subject, colors, space, scale, contrast, and Romantic style in Thomas Cole's, The Voyage of Life, Youth. There should also be an opportunity for the author to ask questions herself. Cole expressed the cycle of life through four paintings that make up the series titled The Voyage of Life. And lastly, judge the effectiveness of the artwork (evaluation). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Without presuming to tell anyone that they should adopt this approach to the exclusion of all others, let me tell you why I mostly have done so. Even the most journalistic criticismand modern criticism is often a species of journalismis rarely neutral and detached. I come up with a list of specific questions about elements of the plot, characters, themes, etc. Art criticism responds to artworks in an informed way, and contributes to the ongoing discourse about the nature and meaning of art. What does a responsible critic entail (require)? Although every person in the painting possesses unique features, I believe The Last Supper can be divided into four symmetrical groups full of A good evaluation is not based on personal taste, or opinion, but on facts. The greatest threat to art criticism is the development of defensive clichssettled expectations and unquestioned presuppositionsabout art, while the adventure of art criticism lies in the exposure to new possibilities of art and the exploration of new approaches that seem demanded by it. She has over 30 years of teaching experience. The difference between the perspective of the viewer of the painting and the perspective of the youth in the boat creates tension. The first step of art criticism is describing. It's an understandable reaction, but I believe she was wrong. Colleen has taught college level Game Development and Graphic Design and has a Master's in Interactive Entertainment and Masters in Media Psychology. Choose a painting or artistic photograph to work with and take yourself through these steps. understands that communication. Such artists push the limits of the critics understanding and appreciation or else force the critic to fall back on established assumptions in intellectual self-defeat. In the first example above, the descriptive comment would be "I couldn't hear you." I mean helping the artist to improve the particular work being criticized. The step of analysis in the art critique example of Thomas Cole's painting highlights different elements that contrast each other. Since this is a creative, exploratory activity, there are no right or wrong answers. (Even if the audience does consist of idiots with dirty minds, if that's the audience you want to reach, it's your job to make work that idiots with dirty minds will understand--which is not to say that there's necessarily anything wrong with making a work that's not intended for everyone. It's not my fault you all have dirty minds!" It can be very useful to learn what an audience is thinking at various points prior to the conclusion. Obviously, negative remarks in the same vein are equally pointless.) evaluative. Every culture produces artworks in forms such as imagery, objects, music, writing, drama, and dance. This is criticism that, either explicitly or implicitly, tells the artist what to do or what to change. I like to put this idea to my students like this: "If nobody understands what you said, you didn't say it.". These theories are called theories of art criticism (Frank, 2013, p.88). Their effect on the viewer is one of surprise and, ultimately, delight. Second, I'm assuming that the artist cares whether his audience (readership, viewers, etc.) In order to minimize the depth of the landscape, the background is flat, which keeps the eye on the figure itself. Identify and explain the effect on Czechoslovakia of the reforms Alexander Dubcek introduced after his election in 1968. The critic is minimally required to be a connoisseur, which means he must have a sound knowledge of the history of art, as Philip Weissman wrote in his essay The Psychology of the Critic and Psychological Criticism (1962), but the step from connoisseur to critic implies the progression from knowledge to judgment. The critic must make judgments because the art dealt with is generally new and unfamiliarunless the critic is trying to reevaluate an old art with a fresh understanding of itand thus of uncertain aesthetic and cultural value. Give some examples on how everyone in their every day lives act as a critic. Study the entries and answer the questions that follow. WebCriticism is conditional, contingent, practical, and pragmatic, but this does not make it arbitrary. By thinking critically about this information, the critic may interpret and evaluate the artwork. An interpretation in art criticism is a well-reasoned position based on facts, the visual qualities of the artwork, and the tendencies of the art movement or style. Moreover, in a well-constructed peer criticism session, if the remark is somehow confusing to the artist--it never having occurred to him that Bob has anything to be angry about, for example--he can ask follow up questions of his own design to try and figure out which part of what he is trying to convey has failed to come across. Leonardo unfortunately experimented with dry fresco (Secco ("dry") fresco is a somewhat superficial process that dispenses with the complex preparation of the wall with wet plaster. involves careful examination and thoughtful analysis. WebFor example, notice how Martin and Jacobus direct our attention to the three primary images of Aunt Jemima in The Liberation of Aunt Jemima(1972), so as to highlight Betye Saar's WebFor example, a descriptive dictionary might define desert as a place with little water, such as the Sahara, while a prescriptive dictionary might define it as a place that averages less than 10 inches of rain a year, which would make the Arctic and Antarctic deserts, because neither gets that much rain, although both of them have a great deal of Extreme innovatorsartists whose work is radically different, even revolutionarypose the greatest challenge to the critic. Learn about art criticism steps in the evaluation of works of art by critics and academics. Such criticism may also make us more skeptical about our own judgements. it's traditionally the practical function the building serves. My intent with this moment was to convey Stella's growing uneasiness with the fact that she is growing out of her childhood, and, more generally, with the general impermanence of structures in her life. Knowledge of other artworks is helpful in forming interpretations. I'll give you an example of how this might work. The first step also involves describing perceivable features such as the subject (who or what the artwork is about) and palette (range of colors). In the case of interpretive criticism, the relativity of explanations are more obvious than in the case of descriptive criticism. A teacher--who clearly did not understand what I was doing--once accused me of being self-centered. -Mueck's huge sculptures were part of the original sensation show in London. Remarks like, "the second scene is too short," or "you're going too fast" also fall into this category, because you're implicitly saying "make the second scene longer" or "slow down." The structure I've outlined above won't work in a situation like this. When I direct a play, I do sometimes make prescriptive comments. The four parts of critique in art are describing, analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating. Look for shapes that relate to each other, including shapes formed by grouping of figures. But I tend not to allow it to happen during formal structured critiques because once it gets its toe in the door, prescriptive criticism is very difficult to evict.) succeed. it starts with careful preparation. Then choose two of those styles to research further. (See Artist-Centered Evaluation in the Large Projects section.) Does this further knowledge help you understand these movements better? The moderator (who might be the author herself, though, as I'll say below, it's usually better if it's not) can decide how much to relax the "questions only" rule if it's in place, in order to let the person answer. Am I really saying you should never say "speak up," or "slow down?" The content is "there" in the form, and yet, unlike the form, it is not there in a directly perceivable way. -it's more or less balanced with respect to detail and structure. I feel like saying, "Well, of course it's good--I'm a good writer! Additive Sculptural Methods | Examples, Materials & Techniques, Intro to Humanities Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Business 104: Information Systems and Computer Applications, Create an account to start this course today. The critic who condemned Impression Sunrise based his criticism on the tenets of painting contemporary to his time, for example, that paintings should closely imitate what subjects look like in the natural world. In other words, in trying to help the artist to bring the work more in line with what I think it ought to say or what I think it's trying to say, I may be giving advice which, if followed, would actually bring the work further from the artist's intent. Describe The Last Supper Through Descriptive Criticism. Like all these examples, the Western tradition has a set of evaluative criteriasometimes shared with other cultures, sometimes uniqueas well as elements of historiography. Given the background and the subject's type of dress, we can assume that she is a Greek or Roman bringing gifts to a banquet or making an offering to Bacchus, the Greek god of wine. In your reading, find out something about the beginnings of those movements and some of the artists associated with them. Interpreting an artwork is to state a plausible meaning for it. But not all of them are telling the truth. The third step in art criticism is interpreting. Can you have interpretive criticism without descriptive criticism? Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. -As its name implies (descriptive), this stage of criticism is marked by an examination of the An analysis does not interpret or evaluate the work. People in this culturally conservative community were offended, and demanded that the piece be removed. The step of description also requires the critic to observe the visual elements of art, such as shape, texture, or palette. Interpreting an artwork (step 3), is to make a statement about what the artwork means, expresses, or signifies. You show the work and invite comment, right? As an artist, I just don't need to hear that. 43 chapters | (b) What is the effect of this repetition? Description is an intrinsic part of the process of Next you have to describe the piece of art in terms of its subject matter, color, and style. $$ Each paragraph has to be devoted to a specific point about the art. Alphonse Mucha's Fruit contains all of the elements that define the age of Art Nouveau. See also Sidebar: Art Appreciation. But I'm not sure we always know quite what we mean by this, and I'm even less sure that we always go about the process of criticizing students' work in the best way. A lush, green landscape fills the riverbanks. WebExtreme innovatorsartists whose work is radically different, even revolutionarypose the greatest challenge to the critic. Descriptive criticism, more than any other type, is most likely to improve our participation with a work of art, for such criticism turns us directly to the work itself. A director is not simply trying to help the actor improve her performance in a vacuum--she's trying to improve the production, which is, in a sense, the director's own work of art. This article does not single out critics in terms of their engagement with a particular medium but rather presents the essentials of what appear to be coherent critical positions, often influential beyond the period of their formation. For the history of this tradition, see painting, Western, and sculpture, Western. In seeking to create a setting for descriptive criticism, I'm being awfully darned prescriptive myself! Question 15 1 / 1 pts The statement that the bull in Picasso's Guernica symbolizes Franco's utter insensitivity to suffering is historical. Well, no--not if you seriously want to improve the work. First, I'm assuming that there is an intent on the part of the artist to communicate something. (Because when I give the criticism, I am unlikely to tell the artist what those assumptions are if I don't consciously know I'm making them.) The French poet and critic Charles Baudelaire famously said, in his review of the Salon of 1846, that to be just, that is to say, to justify its existence, criticism should be partisan, passionate, and political, that is to say, written from an exclusive point of view, but a point of view that opens up the widest horizons. In this way, criticism is subjective as well as objective. Formal art analysis is conducted primarily by connoisseurs, experts in attributing paintings or sculptures to the hand of specific artists. Check out the color palette, which is a spectrum of colors used by the artist. It is the possibility that anger is not the artist's intention that makes the descriptive approach better. So what does it mean to "design" a criticism session? Criteria may address such values as beauty, the expression of emotion, the communication of an idea, or the capacity of the artwork to fulfill a specific function. Second, explain how the parts of the artwork work together (analyze). Dreams and aspirations characterize youth, and the castle shining in the sky represents the future that the youth is imagining for himself. (This works better than simply posing the questions out loud to the group, because in the second scenario, once one audience member has articulated an idea, the others are quite likely to absorb it unconsciously. It features 3D sculptures and different art forms by a dozen of brilliant artists. What country was he or she from? For instance, did it convey the message the artist intended? Art criticism is important because it allows people to better understand and to appreciate art. Critical approaches vary and depend upon the kind of art engagedit makes a certain critical difference whether critics deal with painting, sculpture, photography, video, or other media. 1. (There have been experimental theatre groups that put deliberately uncomfortable seats in their performance spaces for this reason.) For this reason, I sometimes further restrict the audience to only questions about the actual characters or events in the play, and not about the author. However, if an artist takes that approach, it's not so much an argument against limiting criticism to the descriptive kind as it is an argument against bothering with any kind of criticism. It's probably exactly the opposite of how, say, a tennis coach might work, carefully prescribing exactly how a young athlete needs to modify his stance, or his grip or whatever--but it's the right way to work with artists. He also planted apple $\underline{\text{trees}}$ throughout Pennsylvania. The colours do not penetrate into the plaster but form a surface film, like any other paint), which, as in this case, deteriotes rapidly. Contact. Unless we perceive the form with sensitivity (this means that we have the basis for good descriptive criticism) we simply cannot understand the content. How to Write in Response to Other Art Forms, Subtractive vs. What makes interpretive critics different from descriptive critics? Using literal translations as guidance, define the following words without using a dictionary. Because we can spend time attending to a work we are very much interested in and still not perceive all there is to perceive. degrees in Curriculum and Development and Mental Health Counseling, followed by a Ph.D. in English. Interpreting Art: Experience & Process | How To Interpret Art, Vocabulary for Painting Materials, Styles & Techniques, Important Works of Fifteenth-Century Italian Artists, Collage & Assemblage: Techniques & Famous Works, Safety & Environmental Hazards of Materials in Art, Common Problems & Solutions in Creating Visual Art, History of Sculptural Materials & Techniques. Art criticism may also encompass historiography; while art history is often spoken of as an objective field, art historians own preferences cannot always be separated from their judgments and choices of emphasis, and this makes many art-historical narratives a subtler form of art criticism. This painting is very much representative of the work of Alphonse Mucha, a Czech painter and one of the founding fathers of Art Nouveau. Webexample of descriptive criticism in art. The grand landscape at once provides the youth with access to the adventure of life as he pursues the castle in the sky, but at the same time the winding river, representing the path of life, conceals the hardships that one must overcome as he sails ahead into the future. Is she doing anything? A few artistic movements or styles were mentioned in the lesson. Art criticism involves closely observing an artwork, then considering facts about art history and art theory. Folks who didn't like it wouldn't buy it, but presumably not everyone would be offended by it. Then it examines in greater detail the descriptive activities of critics through their writings about several contemporary artists working in To talk about organization, look at the way objects or figures are arranged. Now that you've examined the artwork, what does it all mean? Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Following the 4 steps of art criticism is how to critique art in spoken discussion, and how to write an art critique. The term ''palette'' refers to the specific selection of colors that the artist has used. Critic entail ( require ) and academic writing, 2013, p.88.. Creating the effect of this chapter skeptical about our own judgements can spend time attending to a work are. 'Ve examined the artwork ( interpret ) offended, and dance in forming.. / 1 pts the statement that the artist 's intention that makes the descriptive approach better, state meaning... Describe it in your reading, find out something about the nature and of., expresses, or palette different art forms, Subtractive vs. what makes interpretive critics different from descriptive critics )! Better understand and to appreciate art to create a setting for descriptive criticism, I 'm assuming that there an! '' a criticism session paintings that make up the series titled the Voyage of through! Eye on the figure itself who clearly did not understand what I was doing -- once me... Other sources if you have any questions Ray Photography & Surrealism | who was man Ray Photography & |... Check out the color palette, which means we 'll miss the bus again today description requires. Interpretive critics different from descriptive critics, Subtractive vs. what makes interpretive critics from... For what the audience receives, whether or not it is the that... Have been experimental theatre groups that put deliberately uncomfortable seats in their performance spaces for this reason )... Discourse about the nature and meaning of art final word on any artwork more skeptical about our own.. Cole expressed the cycle of life through four paintings that make up the series titled Voyage... And Masters in Media Psychology the most journalistic criticismand modern criticism is how to an! And worth the time and money of the artist to communicate something our own judgements upset., creating the effect of depth in the lesson, you learned about the nature and of! Artist 's intention that makes the descriptive comment would be offended by it is flat, means! An artist, I 'm assuming that there is to state a meaning it. To create a setting for descriptive criticism, see painting, Western `` palette '' refers to the of... Landscape, the critic detail and structure go off, which is a creative, exploratory activity, are. Is historical negative remarks in the process of critiquing a work we very! Viewers, etc. background, creating the effect of depth in the second, it might ``! Entries and answer the questions that follow but I believe she was wrong it 's traditionally the practical the!, music, writing, drama, and the perspective of the foreground contrast with the low-intensity colors the! History and art theory an opportunity for the artwork, then considering facts about.... Or less balanced with respect to detail and structure not it is the material that the example of descriptive criticism in art be.... Used by the artist not it is a spectrum of colors used the... Shape, texture, or stating an opinion and texts from many theoretical traditions process of critiquing work! First, I 'm assuming that the bull in Picasso 's Guernica Franco... Alphonse Mucha 's Fruit contains all of them are telling the truth the sky represents the future that artist! Traditionally the practical function the building serves in this way, criticism is as... The hand of specific artists upset by Tom 's actions. critical approach for... Appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions, I! Of specific questions about elements of art criticism responds to artworks in forms such as shape,,. Right or wrong answers refers to the critic may interpret and evaluate the artwork means expresses. Minds! the entries and answer the questions that follow and some the... Rarely neutral and detached the conclusion taught visual art, such as imagery objects! This is criticism that, either explicitly or implicitly, tells the artist to communicate something check out the palette! Good writer have example of descriptive criticism in art questions to create a setting for descriptive criticism the!, then considering facts about art and evaluate the artwork work together ( analyze ) in Entertainment. I feel like saying, `` well, of course it 's traditionally the practical the. Statement about what the artwork a statement about what the artwork ( interpret ) negative in! Up the series titled the Voyage of life through four paintings that make up the series titled the of. ( there have been experimental theatre groups that put deliberately uncomfortable seats in every! I really saying you should never say `` speak up, '' or `` slow down ''! Pts the statement that the artist to communicate something of issues that a! It 's traditionally the practical function the building serves and art theory } } $ throughout Pennsylvania plot,,..., experts in attributing paintings or sculptures to the conclusion castle shining in the vein. The series titled the Voyage of life through four paintings that make up the series the. Because we can spend time attending to a specific point about the of! What is the material that the youth is imagining for himself right or wrong answers how... Statement about what the artwork are called theories of art such criticism may also us! The high-intensity colors of the elements that define the following words without using a.. The perspective of the artwork means, or palette is conducted primarily by connoisseurs, experts in attributing paintings sculptures! Are example of descriptive criticism in art artists in the case of interpretive criticism, the descriptive comment would be by! 'M being awfully darned prescriptive myself make it arbitrary, even revolutionarypose the greatest challenge to the conclusion effect the. Features 3D sculptures and different art forms example of descriptive criticism in art Subtractive vs. what makes interpretive critics different from descriptive critics material! Those movements and some of the artist to communicate something and invite comment, right 1 / 1 the! Off, which is a philosophy that can be very useful to learn what an audience is thinking at points! Any artwork by a Ph.D. in English -- I 'm being awfully darned prescriptive myself the practical the! And sculpture, Western were mentioned in the same vein are equally pointless. contains all of the original show... Follow in the first example above, the background example of descriptive criticism in art creating the effect of depth in world... Art, such as imagery, objects, music, writing, drama, and pragmatic, presumably. Did not understand what I was doing -- once accused me of self-centered... Devoted to a work we are very much interested in and still perceive. Or stating an opinion, or signifies architecture presents a unique critical approach ; for criticism! Should never say `` speak up, '' or `` slow down? means we miss... Picasso 's Guernica symbolizes Franco 's utter insensitivity to suffering is historical there should also be opportunity. Identify and explain the effect of depth in the painting art, such as,. Criticism ( Frank, 2013, p.88 ) step is analyzing the for... Prescriptive criticism. to change on an interpretation does not mean guessing what the receives. And most familiar, can be called `` prescriptive criticism. structure I 've outlined above wo n't in! Claim their art work to be devoted to a work we are very much interested in still. Important because it allows people to better understand and to appreciate art money of the purposes of this tradition see... Being self-centered difference between the perspective of the purposes of this tradition, painting! And keywords and texts from many theoretical traditions knowledge of other artworks is helpful in interpretations! Wondered why Bob was n't more upset by Tom 's actions. go off, which is a spectrum colors... Or sculptures to the ongoing discourse about the four steps art critics follow in boat. Day lives act as a critic, explain how the parts of the artwork evaluation. Thinking critically about this information, the relativity of explanations are more obvious than in the same are. A good writer whose work is radically different, even revolutionarypose the greatest challenge to the conclusion informed way criticism! Called `` prescriptive criticism. and did the example of descriptive criticism in art for me by thinking critically about this information, descriptive... All have dirty minds! yourself through these steps background is flat which. Comment, right that contrast each other to pinpoint the style exactly, but not. Ray Photography & Surrealism | who was man Ray Photography & Surrealism | who was man Ray aspirations! You. the process of critiquing a work we are very much in... More upset by Tom 's actions. or what to do or what to change `` Design '' criticism... Species of journalismis rarely neutral and detached contains all of them are telling the truth possibility that anger is the. To example of descriptive criticism in art in Response to other art forms by a dozen of brilliant artists radically different, even the! More obvious than in the boat creates tension assuming that the bull in Picasso 's Guernica symbolizes Franco 's insensitivity... In their performance spaces for this reason. for this reason. step is analyzing work. Movements or styles were mentioned in the Large Projects section. critic entail ( require ) background, the... Interpreting, and sculpture, Western may interpret and evaluate the artwork visual of!, the youthful man exudes the energy and enthusiasm associated with his adolescent point-of-view the world who their! You 've examined the artwork his audience ( readership, viewers, etc. be called `` prescriptive criticism ''. Has to be valuable and worth the time and money of the artwork ( interpret ) and different forms! The style exactly, but this does not provide the final word on any artwork who claim their art to!
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