[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] 2. What is even worse is that when an animal dies, the ecosystem will be damaged and human beings will pay for the price. There is a huge difference between giving animals their rights which is less than human beings and not to give them rights at all. Why is management sometimes slow to adopt new animal- friendly methods when there is a The original intent of the Animal Welfare Act was to regulate the use and care of animals in a laboratory setting on a federal level. TheUSDA'sAnimaland Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) enforces the law with inspections. From Subchapter A--Animal Welfare, 9 C.F.R. . Animals like rats, mice, birds and other cold-blooded animals are excluded from this law. It can fund other types of organizations that will help improve the world or resolve certain economic or social issues. The Disadvantages of a Zoo. Imagine an enraged animal rights activist charging toward a scientist in a white lab coat, desperate to free the little mice that are being used as test subjects. The government can change the consumption behavior of the consumers and the production process of livestock by intervening the market using a carrot approach so that the price system will lead the society to an efficient outcome of animal welfare. Animal welfare during dry times Animal welfare considerations are critical when managing stock during dry times. (e) Any dealer or exhibitor who also operates a private or contract animal pound or shelter shall comply with the following: (Sect.2.132 (e)). (c) Carriers and intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperature allowed by the standards may accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any live animal . if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by a veterinarian . on a specific date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such animal for transportation in commerce, stating that such live animal is acclimated to air temperatures lower than those prescribed in sections 3.141 and 3.142. 1. These groups claim animal testing to be inhumane. Exposure of humans to risky substances or possibly hazardous materials will also be cut down, preventing diseases and other side effects. (3) Records of any exemptions must be maintained and made available to USDA officials upon request. 3.61 (f)). Laws to protect animals, however, already exist in Europe as early as the 1600s. Therefore, if no testing will be done on animals, the overall cost will be saved and used for something else. The standards are applied through our higher welfare food labelling and farm assurance scheme, RSPCA Assured, as well as being used by a . The Animal Welfare Act introduced more flexibility in sentencing the worst offenders, allowing for higher fines and other penalties. Companies who buy meat, milk, egg, and wool products from farmers will require themtoenroll incertification programs, which sets standards for the humane care and treatment of livestock and poultry. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) requires that minimum standards of care and treatment be provided for certain animals bred for commercial sale;used in research, teaching, ortesting;transported commercially;or exhibited to the public. (b) (1) Every dealer and exhibitor, except auction sales and brokers, shall make and maintain records or forms for animals other than dogs and cats, acquired, held, transported, or disposed of, as required in section 2.75 (b)(1)-(3). (Sect. After all, pain leads to production losses which have major economic repercussions. The requirements of the Animal Welfare Act are set forth under the Regulations and Standards in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). (a)(1) Any person who operates or wishes to operate as a dealer or exhibitor must have a valid license and must be at least 18 years old. Regulations to promote welfare Licensing and registration 13. 1. The Animal Welfare Act establishes requirements concerning the transportation, sale, and handling of certain animals and includes restrictions on the importation of dogs for purposes of resale, prohibitions on animal fighting ventures, and provisions intended to prevent the theft of personal pets. Arts and Humanities. Advancement of agricultural research. List of the Advantages of Welfare 1. (b) A dealer shall not sell, provide, or make available to any person a live random source dog or cat unless the dealer provides the recipient of the dog or cat with certification that contains the information set forth in section 2.133 (b)(1)-(6) . If it does, then it can be tested on humans with a lower risk of a negative outcome. Welfare Act, 2 J. Humane animal farming is better for everyone. (Sect. The Act also has an offense to remove the scent glands of skunks. The instructions must be attached in a manner that makes them easily noticed and read. 3.13 (c)). There is no difference there between a cat or a man. (Sect. For animals in distress, there are no provisions in these Acts that specifically authorise a veterinary surgeon to . (Sect.2.75 (a)(1)-(4)). Section 2.125 Information as to business. The act provides the legal framework for dealing with unnecessary cruelty and is . 3.113 (g)). The idea of difference is a human conception for mans own advantage Do you agree or disagree? The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) requires wholesale breeders and dealers who supply animalsto pet stores, brokers, or research facilities to be licensed with USDA. 3.81). This experimentation has been practiced since around 500 BCE, and has allowed the human race to discover many things that otherwise would have not been discovered (ProCon). Nowadays animals are presented in many places of entertainment such as zoos and cruces as well as aquariums where the audients pay a lot of cash to watch fun and exciting things going on, it sure makes us happy but what about the animals are they happy too? (c) Carriers and intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperature requirements may accept live hamsters for transportation if the consignor furnishes a certificate executed by a veterinarian, no more than 10 days prior to delivery for transport, stating that such live hamster is acclimated to air temperatures lower than those prescribed in sections 3.40 and 3.41. A strong advocate of animal rights is the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals or PETA. Some well-known certification programs include Certified Humane Certification Program, Global Animal Partnership, Animal Welfare Approved, and Food Alliance. 2.133 (d)). They do not form part of the Act and have not been endorsed by Parliament. The certificate shall include the information set forth in section 3.112 (b)(1)-(4). In the long term, organic farms save energy and protect the environment. 3.14 (a)(6)). (c) Carriers or intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperature allowed by the standards may accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any marine mammal . if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by the attending veterinarian . on a specified date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such animal for transportation, in commerce, stating that the marine mammal is acclimated to an air temperature range lower or higher than those prescribed is sections 3.117 and 3.118. Section numbers are provided for reference. (b) Any dealer, research facility or exhibitor offering any dog or cat to a carrier or intermediate handler for transportation must securely attach to the outside of the primary enclosure used for transporting the dog or cat, written instructions for the in-transit food and water requirements for a 24 hour period for the dogs and cats contained in the enclosure. (a) Each dealer and exhibitor, shall, during business hours, allow APHIS officials: (1) To enter its place of business. (b) A class "B" dealer shall identify all live dogs and cats as indicated in section 2.50 (b). legislature pertaining to animal welfare in the UK. (Sect. The primary animal protection legislation is the Welfare of Animals Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 ('the 2011 Act'), and the Animal Health and Welfare Act 2013. Flashcards. Test. Ithighlights the amendments to the Act over time and shares a brief summary of how the law changed with eachamendment. Dead animals are no use for humans If an animal dies during an experiment or test, no results will be gathered. Records of all such test results shall be maintained by management for a 1-year period and must be made available for inspection purposes on request." After enduring lives of pain, loneliness and terror, almost all of them will be killed, (Animal Testing 101). Farmers use the most efficient methods which lower the prices for the consumer. 4. (d) "A dealer who acquires a live dog or cat from another dealer must obtain from that dealer the certification required by paragraph (b) of this section and must attach that certification (including any previously attached certification) to the certification which he or she provides pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section (a photocopy of the original certification will be deemed a duplicate original if the dealer does not dispose of all the dogs or cats in a single transaction)." Home. seq. Pros Explained. Most welfare programs are not designed to be a long-term income solution. Due to events like these, people all over the world are wondering if the use of animals for entertainment includes the awful act of animal cruelty. (Sect. USDA. Section 3.87 Primary enclosure used to transport nonhuman primates. chlorine and copper) that are added to the water to maintain water quality standards. Records must be kept documenting the time when all such samples were taken and the results of the sampling. author of the book, Nol Sweeney, has been practising as. Section 2.126 Access and inspection of records and property. Section 3.86 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. Question is why, are the laboratory experiment animals are not protected and treated well. Typically, state and local laws govern thetreatmentof farmanimals. If you have concerns about zoos or zoo animals, contact the APHISregional officeresponsible for the geographic area where the zoo is located. F or centuries, humans have used animals for food, clothing, companionship, and other purposes. Field studymeans a study conducted on free-living wild animals in their natural habitat. Dealers and exhibitors must develop, document, and follow an appropriate plan to provide dogs with the opportunity for exercise. Save animal lives Testing and experiments done on animals are not always reliable in certain situations. Premises Registration Step 2. Learn. If the Administrator notifies a facility that specified records are to be retained pending an investigation or proceeding, the facility shall hold those records until their disposition is authorized by the Administrator. Instructions for administration of drugs, medication, and other special care must be attached to each primary enclosure in a manner that makes them easy to notice, to detach for examination, and to reattach securely. 3.81 (e)). Abandonment of Animals Act 1960 Under this legislation, it is an off ence to release any wild animal that is not in a fi t state to survive in the wild. The certification must be securely attached to the outside of the primary enclosure in a manner that makes it easily noticed and read. "The primary enclosure shall not contain water which would be detrimental to the health of the marine mammal contained therein." Although comical, this scene may be quite accurate when describing the passion that animal lovers have when it comes to the touchy subject of animal testing. There are countless other types of exploitation including: intentional torture, organized abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, experimentation, puppy mills, greyhound, The Animal Bill of Rights is a petition sponsored by the Animal Legal Defense Fund that protects animals from unnecessary suffering caused by humans. While USDA considers the humane treatment of animals to be important, the USDA's regulatory authority does not extend to farm animals used for food, fiber, or other agricultural purposes. 3.60 (b)). (1) If, in the opinion of the attending veterinarian, it is inappropriate for certain dogs to exercise because of their health, condition, or well-being, the dealer or exhibitor may be exempted from meeting the requirements of this section for those dogs. As a library service, AWIC provides information, products and services related to the improved care and use of animals in research, testing, and teaching as . One copy of the record must accompany each animal shipment. These animals live among humans and are providing a lot more benefits to them in every way. (g) Documents accompanying the shipment shall be attached in an easily accessible manner to the outside of the primary enclosure. (a) Every auction sale or broker shall make and maintain records or forms, as required by section 2.76, for each animal consigned or sold. Millions of animals are killed per year due to animal testing, so is this practice worth banning? (e) "A dealer who completes, provides, or receives a certification required under paragraph (b) of this section shall keep, maintain, and make available for APHIS inspection a copy of the certification for at least 1 year following disposition." Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Animal exploitation groups, Animal use groups, Animal use group examples and more. (1) "The attending veterinarian may exempt an individual nonhuman primate from participation in the environment enhancement plan because of its health or condition, or in consideration of its well-being. katie_barnes69. (3) Daily observation of all animals is required to assess their health and well-being. Section 3.13 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. Freedom from Pain, Injury or Disease - by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment. (f) Primary enclosures used to transport live rabbits.shall be clearly marked on top and on one or more sides with the words "Live Animals" in letters not less than 1 inch in height and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position if the container. For centuries, animal testing has been used in the medical research field, however many are now beginning to question whether it is ethical. Pros and Cons of an Animal ID System Proponents' Claimed Benefits Opponents' Claimed Criticisms Development of a National Animal ID System Species Coverage USDA's Involvement NAIS Business Plan NAIS User Guide NAIS Program Standards and Technical Reference NAIS Goals NAIS Program Implementation Step 1. The bill proposes animals should be in an environment which satisfies their basic physical and psychological needs. Many different animals are used in scientific studies such as rabbits, mice, primates, dogs, cats, pigs, and cows. Section 2.1 Requirements and application. The Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) was established in 1986 as part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National Agricultural Library (NAL) in Beltsville, Maryland. Breeders and dealers are required to meet the minimum standards of humaneanimalcare and treatment established by the AWA. There must also be a focus on the potential for good. Our common objective when it comes to welfare is for a British racing industry with agreed, transparent, world-leading standards of equine care for the whole life of our horses; a commitment to innovate and make ongoing, measurable improvements based on clear evidence; delivered through a coherent, proactive strategy with the full engagement of It was created to approve all animals used in research. The. 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. Terms in this . Advancement of animal nutrition research. Drugs used to prevent and treat cancer, HIV, diabetes, and other serious conditions have all been tested on animals first. (Sect.2.126 (a)(3)). (Sect.3.139 (d)). (Sect. The Act is divided into several topics. This may have been going on with clinical trials, but the only difference is that medications used in these trials have already been tested on animals and are considered safe. Section 2.31(d) requires the IACUC to review the activities involving animals to determine that the proposed activities, or proposed significant changes in ongoing activities, are in accordance with regulations. Shipping documents that must accompany shipments of dogs and catsmust be securely attached in a readily accessible manner to the outside of any primary enclosure that is a part of the shipment, in a manner that allows them to be detached for examination and securely reattached. It performs a significant role in improving the welfare of humans, for example: 1. The Animal Welfare Act of 1966, was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and its the only Federal law in the United States that regulated treatment and care of animals in research. (see definition in section 1.1). Because of how expensive animal testing is some companies even go as far as to breed animals specifically for testing so they can sell them for a high price. (Sect. Should animals be treated like humans, then? 2. 2.1 (a)(1)). Ethical concerns. This is in contrast to animal welfare legislation, which assumes that some conditions are unavoidable collateral. (b) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless they are provided with the name, address and telephone number of the consignee. Subpart H - Compliance With Standards and Holding Period. Animals housed in the same primary enclosure must be compatible and not be housed near animals that interfere with their health or cause them discomfort. Simply stated, critics arguments that lab animals are protected by federal law is a manipulated version of the story: society's only efforts to protect animals are tepid attempts as we allow lab animals to be tortured without any compensation. (b) Any carrier or intermediate handler shall only accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any live rabbit in a primary enclosure which conforms to the requirements set forth in section 3.6l of the standards:Provided, however,That any carrier or intermediate handler may accept.any live rabbit.if such consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate, signed by the consignor, stating that the primary enclosure complies with section 3.61 of the standard, unless such primary enclosure is obviously defective or damaged and it is apparent that it cannot, reasonably be expected to contain the live rabbit without causing suffering or injury to such live rabbit. (Sect.2.102 (a)(2)). Alternatively, you can use APHIS'sonlineAnimal Welfare Complaint form. effect of the Act. This would only lead to more animals dying before anything conclusive is achieved. Excluded from this definition are birds, rats of the genus Rattus and mice of the genus Mus, bred for use in research, horses not used for research purposes, and other farm animals used for food, fiber, or production purposes. (Sect. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) was signed into law on August 24,1966. Many may argue that the use of animals for entertainment is ok because it is what the animals were born to do (ProQuest Staff); however,the use of animals for entertainment is not okay and constitutes animal cruelty because the animals are not getting the care they need, and the animals are suffering. The AWA has been amended numerous times since its original passage in 1966. By signing the Bill of Rights, we agree that animals, like all sentient beings, are entitled to basic legal rights in our society. Cattle live healthier, happier and more active lives. In a first of its kind, the Government has today published an action plan for animal welfare that will revolutionise the treatment of animals in the UK and . Contribution to the understanding of animal behavior. (2) All premises, facilities, or sites where such person operates or keeps animals are to be indicated on the application form, or on a separate sheet attached to it. Costs, benefits and ethics of animal welfare. Instructions for no food or water are not acceptable unless directed by the attending veterinarian. The other people would say that the most efficient way goes against the animal's welfare. Section 3.61 Primary enclosures used to transport live rabbits. (Sect. 3.16 (b)). (Sect. 3.86 (c)). Official websites use .gov A "protected . (1) "A research facility shall notify the AC Regional Director by certified mail of any change in the name, address, or ownership, or other change in operations affecting its status as a research facility, within 10 days after making such change.". (e) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless their animal holding area meets the minimum temperature requirements provided in sections 3.18 and 3.19 of this subpart, or unless the consignor provides them with a certificate signed by a veterinarian and dated no more than 10 days before delivery of the animal , certifying that the animal is acclimated to temperatures lower than those required in sections 3.18 and 3.19 of this subpart. A copy of the certification must accompany the dog or cat to its destination and must include the information required in section 3.13 (e)(1)-(4). Out of all of the acquired publications, only 59% of them proclaimed their studys goal, the amount of animals that they used, and important traits of their test subjects. Along with the physical atrocities that humans are forcing these vulnerable animals into, humans are also isolating them from their own kind, confining them in barren cages, and thus traumatizing them for the rest of their lives. (Sect.3.8 (d)(1)). Generally, Animal Care (AC) ensures regulatory compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) primarily through the use of inspections. This 2022 report covers a brief background of the AWA and lays out various animal welfare issues stakeholders have called upon Congress to address. 2.133 (b)). The completed application, the application fee indicated in section 2.1 (d) and the annual license fee indicated in table 1 or 2 of section 2.6 are to be filed with the APHIS, AC Regional Director. improve welfare and reduce losses in poultry. Primary enclosures must be clearly marked in English on the top and on one or more sides with the words "Wild Animals", or "Live Animals", in letters at least 1 inch high and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position of the primary enclosure. The AWA has been amended numerous times since its original passage in 1966. The animals which are in testing facilities are fully vaccinated, provided food, water, and shelter, while being able to have a limited amount of . (a) "No dealer, exhibitor, broker, operator of an auction sale, carrier, or intermediate handler shall, for a period of one year, destroy or dispose of, without consent in writing of the Administrator, any books, records, documents, or other paper s required to be kept and maintained under this part." (Sect. Such exemption must be documented by the attending veterinarian and, unless the basis for the exemption is a permanent condition, must be reviewed at least every 30 days by the attending veterinarian. It is the only federal law that regulates the treatment of animals in research, transport, exhibition, and by dealers. Subjects . (a) ". Consignors who are subject to Animal Welfare regulations (9 CFR parts 1, 2 and 3) must certify that each nonhuman primate was offered food and potable water within the 4 hours preceding delivery of the nonhuman primate to a carrier or intermediate handler for transportation in commerce, and must certify the date and time the food and potable water was offered, in accordance section 3.86 (c) of this subpart." However, the Animal Welfare Act is the only . Much of the attention in the world of animal testing focuses on the potential for harm. Candidates for experimental tests require special food, shelter and care that dont come cheap. New products and medications that could save people but are considered harmful until tested on certain subjects will never be used if animal testing is no longer allowed. 8.12 The Animal Welfare Act 2006 (which applies in England and Wales), the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006 and the Welfare of Animals (Northern Ireland) Act 2011 contain provisions to safeguard the welfare of animals. It empowers the Animal Care program of the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) to issue licenses and adopt and enforce regulations meant to protect the basic welfare of. The, Food Security Act of 1985. However, both sides agree that it would be beneficial to reduce animal suffering by finding alternatives to this practice. In 1966, Congress passed the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (P.L. Our inspectors conduct unannounced visits to licensed or registered facilities where they review all areas of care and treatment covered under the law. 3.101 (b)). Each dealer and exhibitor shall furnish any APHIS official any information concerning the business that the APHIS official may request in connection with the enforcement of the Act, regulations and standards. (a) "If any dealer or exhibitor obtains prior approval of the AC Regional Director, he may arrange to have another person hold animals for the required period provided for in paragraph (a) of section 2.101:Provided,That:" (Sect.2.102 (a)). Philosophy. (Sect. Welfare programs help people during their greatest time of need. The management of the facility, at which the marine mammal died, must maintain these necropsy records for a period of 3 years and present them to Department inspectors when requested." (Sect. Walmart and McDonalds will be using only cage free eggs by 2025. Advantage of having the Forest Right Act Forest conservation supports life on earth. 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