Describe the relationships of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation in terms of their inputs and outputs. Like all processes, it involves inputs and outputs of matter and energy. 1. The Citric Acid Cycle. Inputs: 1 glucose 2 ATP invested. • Trace the path of electrons as they are released from the oxidation of glucose in a eukaryotic cell. CO2+H2O INPUT. Chemical Equation. 6 NAD+. Inputs Outputs; ATP: Glucose: NADPH: NADP: CO 2: ADP + Pi: Water : Factors Affecting Photosynthesis When either light intensity or carbon dioxide concentration is increased, the rate of photosynthesis increases to a certain point. The figure does not show most of the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration. ATP synthase ___ ___ a. From the following compounds involved in cellular respiration, choose those that are the net inputs and net outputs of acetyl CoA formation. ATP, the universal biological energy currency, is produced by the mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase complex that is final complex of the ETC (Chandra and Manatt, 2011). 2. The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells, and in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells. If oxygen is available, aerobic respiration will go forward. Created by: 1573969052 Glycolysis? We illustrate the general approach to input/output reduction using a simple example involving 10 DMUs of an organization with two inputs and two outputs.The data are summarized in Table 1.Suppose that the organization has to reduce the first input and second output and the amount of these reductions are respectively C 1 = 75 and F 2 = 150. to divider-To make cell respiration work in the mitochondrion-Input: Sugar + Oxygen *arrow* Output: Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP-Both input and output have carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)-6 carbons, 12 hydrogen, 18 oxygen-Input called reactant . )… This complex generally provides the required ATP for osmoticum synthesis under stress. to divider? 2 FAD. Point out where in the aerobic respiratory pathway O 2 is used and CO 2 is produced. • Explain how energy is transferred from the C-C and C-H bonds of glucose to the phosphoanhydride bonds of ATP. Eventually an electron from the specialized chlorophyll A molecule is excited and captured by the primary electron acceptor. List the inputs (raw materials) and outputs (products) of glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the respiratory (electron transport) chain. ATP synthase moves H + ions that were pumped out of the matrix by the electron transport chain back into the matrix. Fill in the following table to summarize the major inputs and outputs of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and fermentation. Describe how ATP is made by chemiosmosis in an electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation). 2 NAD+ 2 acetyl-CoA. Describe the roles of ADP, ATP, NAD+, NADH, and a proton gradient in the enzyme reactions of the Krebs Cycle and the respiratory (electron transport) chain. to cover? Identify the parts of the mitochondrion: The Krebs Cycle occurs only when oxygen is present, but does not use it directly. Occurs in mitochondria (plural of mitochondrion) c. Uses glucose as an input 4. Add the missing inputs and outputs to the figure. Photosynthesis. This diagram showcases the enzymes and steps of photosystem I and photosystem II and explores how these systems create a concentration gradient which powers the production of ATP through the ATP synthase compound. It is an extremely complex process, comprised of many coordinated biochemical reactions. In the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), acetyl CoA is completely oxidized. TUTORING AT GLEN WAVERLEY LIBRARY OR MONASH UNIVERSITY, CLAYTON. G l y c o l y s i s G l y c o l y s i s? If you think that all this sounds somewhat strange and vague, you are quite right—but don’t let that trouble you. The purpose of this overview is only to divide and conquer, to break up the overall process into manageable parts that we can then tackle in detail in their turn. How pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl CoA so it can enter the citric acid cycle. 2 ADP 4 … • Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Chemiosmosis couples the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis and thus complete the oxidative phosphorylation process. • Identify alternate energy-yielding pathways and example organisms that use them. The Krebs cycle turns once for each Acetyl CoA input or twice for each original glucose molecule. It also compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration (fermentation). This energy drives ATP synthesis. There are three main steps (sort of 4): glycolysis, transition step, Krebs and oxidative phosphorylation. See Interactive Questions 9.5, 9.6, 9.7 and 9.8. Chemical Basis of Cellular Respiration Allows for the extraction of energy from sugars (i.e glucose) by slowing oxidizing it This process converts potential chemical energy into ATP (which can be used by a majority of reactions) C-H bonds (those found in glucose) are the primary energy bond found in organic molecules (i.e glucose, octane etc. Inputs and Outputs? Inputs Outputs Glycolysis Cytoplasm Oxidation of glucose to 2 pyruvate 1 glucose. 100% original artwork by Sarah Beth. This process is called chemiosmosis. This unit bundle has TWENTY SEVEN + Items. ATP can only be stored for a short time, at a maximum concentration within a cell. PM ME IF INTERESTED. Under stress conditions, ATP … Inputs (per molecule of glucose): 2 acetyl-CoA, 6 NAD+, 2 FAD, 2 ADP; Outputs (per molecule of glucose): 2 CoA, 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP; Citric acid cycle, from Wikimedia Commons. Steps of Oxidative Phosphorylation: The steps used for the process of Oxidative Phosphorylation are: Delivery of electrons by NADH and FADH2: From other steps of cellular respiration, reduced electrons carriers (NADH and FADH2) transfer their electrons to molecules near the beginning of the electron transport chain. & ATP Synthase included) , Practices, . Makes most of the ATP produced by cellular respiration b. Includes Notes ( E.T.C. ATP Synthase . Be sure to include all inputs and outputs. Outputs: 2 pyruvic acid 4 ATP (2 net) 2 NADH. At this point, some other factor is limiting the rate of photosynthesis. List the input and output molecules, and net energy yield in terms of ATP and reduced electron carriers for each process of aerobic respiration. There is, however, an enzyme called ATP synthase that will provide a pathway for the hydrogen ions through the membrane--an example of facilitated diffusion. Photosynthesis (photo=light, synthesis=putting together), generally, is the synthesis of sugar from light, carbon dioxide and water, with oxygen as a waste product. This process is called chemiosmosis. Inputs: O2, NADH, ADP +Pi Outputs:Water, NAD+, ATP Use your knowledge of the first three stages of cellular respiration to determine which explanation is correct. This energy drives ATP synthesis. 2 CO2 Krebs Cycle Matrix of mitochondria Oxidation of acetyl-CoA into NADH & FADH2 2 acetyl-CoA. I have my bio final on Monday and can't find these answers in my book. Pyruvate is modified by removal of a carboxyl group followed by oxidation, and then attached to Coenzyme A. As hydrogen ions diffuse down concentration, they charge gradients through ATP synthase. Logged VCE TUTOR FOR BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, MATHEMATICAL METHODS (CAS), PHYSICS & SPECIALIST MATHEMATICS. 2 NAD+ (4 ADP) 2 pyruvate. O2 is an input which is why we inhale as well as 2 ATP to start the process. In eukaryotic cells, the pyruvate molecules produced at the end of glycolysis are transported into mitochondria, which are sites of cellular respiration. It is arguably the most important biochemical pathway known; nearly all life depends on it. Water splitting photosystem- energy captured from a photon of light and as excited electron in the chlorophyll molecules fall back to the resting state, energy is released and funneled to a nearby molecule. The rotary motion of ATP synthase in turn drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate. The energy from the influx of protons into the matrix is used to generate ATP by the phosphorylation (addition of a phosphate) of ADP. As the hydrogen ions pass through the channel the enzyme forms in the membrane, the energy of the ions moving is used to add a phosphate to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form ATP. (Note that not all of the inputs and outputs of acetyl CoA formation are included.) As ATP synthase turns, it catalyzes the addition of phosphate to ADP, thus forming ATP. Even plants generate ATP in chloroplasts by phosphorylation. 1. Learn about those flows of matter and energy, and what they teach us about the universe. Use this coloring worksheet to explore how plant cells harvest energy form the sun to generate ATP in the process known as chemiosmosis.. TOPICS: ATP. each on of them separately. 2 ATP. *In acetyl CoA formation, pyruvate (a product of glycolysis) is oxidized to acetyl CoA, with the reduction of NAD+ to NADH and the release of one molecule of CO2. inputs glucose 2 ADP + 2 outputs 2 lactate or 2 alcohol and 2 C02 ATP net gain 2 . So, the energy must be transferred to another molecule for storage. This study guide reviews cellular respiration, including the roles of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain and ATP synthase. Eg: ATP synthase enzyme is embedded in the cell membrane. Oxidative phosphorylation works by using energy-releasing chemical reactions to drive energy-requiring reactions: The two sets of reactions are said to be coupled.This means one cannot occur without the other. This creates a “chemical pressure”, which is used to power ATP synthase, the same protein complex that produces ATP in mitochondria (only with the proton pump being driven by light energy instead of chemical energy). Thank you so much! Answer to What are the inputs and outputs of electron transport chain and ATP synthase? to divider? Cellular respiration. Fermentation - Emphasis on Modeling and Diagram Analysis Skills-. The outputs are 36-38 ATP, CO2, H20. Oxidative phosphorylation. Cellular Respiration. It is easier to remove electrons and produce CO2 from compounds with three or more carbon atoms … ADP, acetyl CoA, pyruvate, NAD+, ATP, CO2, NADH, coenzyme A, O2, glucose how can I categorize them? • Describe the location, inputs and outputs, and importance of each of the four stages of cellular respiration. Describe the relationships of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation in terms of their inputs and outputs. Base inputs and outputs on one glucose molecule. 27. NADH and FADH2 are used to carry electrons. Parent: Cellular respiration is complex! In eukaryotic cells, the pyruvate molecules produced at the end of glycolysis are transported into mitochondria, which are sites of cellular respiration. AP.BIO: ENE‑1 (EU), ENE‑1.K (LO), ENE‑1.K.1 (EK), ENE‑1.K.2 (EK), ENE‑1.K.3 (EK), ENE‑1.L (LO), ENE‑1.L.4 (EK), ENE‑1.L.5 (EK), ENE‑1.L.7 (EK) Overview of oxidative phosphorylation. ATP outputs in aerobic respiration ... All the components needed for aerobic respiration are located in the cell membrane. 2 NADH. In acetyl CoA formation, the carbon-containing compound from glycolysis is oxidized to produce acetyl CoA. plus ***Four*** GOOGLE Assignments . C6H12O6+O2 OUTPUT. (The electron transport chain needs O 2 as an input and produces H 2 O. If oxygen is available, aerobic respiration will go forward. Communications among the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are essential in stress tolerance. and **Four** GOOGLE Form Quizzes + Word Doc Versions. to cover Glycolysis. ATP synthase. • Describe the inputs, outputs, conditions for and locations of two types of ATP production in an animal cell. FREE DOWNLOAD <<< Check out … The movement of ions across the selectively permeable mitochondrial membrane and down their electrochemical gradient is … 4 ATP (substrate level) 2 NADH Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA Matrix of mitochondria Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA 2 pyruvate. The Citric Acid Cycle.