D. Armed robots. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. Special operations and avoidance techniques Scaffolds shall not be constructed or arranged more than two tiers or 10 feet (3.0 m) in height, whichever is less. If bridges are not used, passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height and are abutting. B. As an example, even in this day of steel and iron, scaffolds made from Tensioning of each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be by means of a turnbuckle at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter, or by equivalent means. Runners shall be installed along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and outside posts at level heights (when tube and coupler guardrails and midrails are used on outside posts, they may be used in lieu of outside runners). Two-point scaffolds shall not be bridged or otherwise connected one to another during raising and lowering operations unless the bridge connections are articulated (attached), and the hoists properly sized. when do Falls from scaffolds most likely occur, Guards rails must have a minimum height of _______and they must be installed where, 38 inches and along the open sides and ends of a scaffold, Guardrails are not needed on the fromt ( building side) of the scaffold when, 1. the front end of all platforms is less than 14 inches from the face of the work Float Scaffold. We need to follow scaffolding safety procedures. Scaffolding must not be placed on unstable objects, such as bricks or blocks. proper measures to protect against or prevent accidents and injuries. All jacks lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic jacks must have a device that stops them from: A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet. and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. We thoroughly check each answer to a question to provide you with the most correct answers. The checks above are common scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold structure is unsafe. All brace connections must be secured. The following requirements do not apply to two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds used as masons' or stonesetters' scaffolds. Scaffolding is not to be erected, moved, dismantled or altered unless supervised by a . Where uplift can occur which would displace scaffold end frames or panels, the frames or panels shall be locked together vertically by pins or equivalent means. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. Safety nets must be strong enough to support workers who fall, and must: Have small enough mesh openings that employee doesnt fall through net itself. ( 1) Scaffolds made of wood shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each corner. SCAFFOLDS MUST BE ERECTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH DESIGN AND/OR MANUFACTURERS' RECOMMENDATIONS. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold Personal Fall Arrest System. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because [, A space of at least 3 inches between handrails, or stair rails used as handrails, and other objects. C. Always use a PFAS when working over an unguarded or uncovered opening more than six feet above a lower level The use of gray cast iron is prohibited. Pole scaffolds over 60 feet in height shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. There are an estimated $90 million dollars lost because of . Do not force frames or . Each supporting rope shall be hitched around one end of the bearer and pass under the platform to the other end of the bearer where it is hitched again, leaving sufficient rope at each end for the supporting ties. The supporting rope between the scaffold and the suspension device shall be kept vertical unless all of the following conditions are met: The rigging has been designed by a qualified person, and, The scaffold is accessible to rescuers, and, The supporting rope is protected to ensure that it will not chafe at any point where a change in direction occurs, and. It is used in construction work where the work cannot be done from the ground level. Electrocution, electric shock, burns, indirect (e.g., a fall from a ladder). Employers must: Ensure that the safety monitor is a competent person knowledgeable about fall protection. 25. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. The circuit becomes part of the conductor ( 2) Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. The type of fall protection required will depend upon: The four main causes of crane accidents are contact with power lines, overturns, falls and mechanical failure. Where conditions preclude the attachment of bracing to posts, bracing shall be attached to the runners as close to the post as possible. In 1996, when OSHA issued the revised Scaffold Standard One or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid supports. 1926.452 - Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. "Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds (swing stages)." Make sure the scaffold is stable. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. We've updated our privacy policy. "Multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, stonesetters' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.". True or False: Before the advent of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace. Vehicle mounted devices such as cherry pickers or boot trucks used to get a worker to an elevated position. Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level . There are many other scaffolds in use as well, each with advantages and Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. Suspension ropes and cables shall be connected to the overhead supporting members by shackles, clips, thimbles, or other means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength, durability). Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. Every element of your orientation must be exact. C. Both A and B These rules were combined under the umbrella of OSHA. All joints must be PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. Why do we characterize the heat conduction ability of insulators in terms of their apparent thermal conductivity instead of the ordinary thermal conductivity? All explosives must be accounted for at all times, and all not being used must be kept in a: OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard (HazCom) is designed to ensure that information about __________and associated protective measures is disseminated. Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings. . The ladder must extend 1 m (3 ft.) above the landing. (b) Tube and Coupler Scaffolds. Outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches or less from the front edge Scaffolds must be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or a combination thereof. Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. On straight run scaffolds, longitudinal bracing across the inner and outer rows of posts shall be installed diagonally in both directions, and shall extend from the base of the end posts upward to the top of the scaffold at approximately a 45 degree angle. Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man-made structures.Scaffolds are widely used on site to get access to heights and areas that would be otherwise hard to get to. Scaffolds made of wood shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each corner. The inboard end of outrigger beams, measured from the fulcrum point to the extreme point of anchorage, shall be not less than one and one-half times the outboard end in length. Plumb and brace poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights to prevent swaying and displacement. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. Hot wires, ungrounded wires that can cause a shock if you touch them, are usually: More than 50 percent of electrocutions are caused by a worker coming in direct contact with: The OSHA standard requires flexible cords to be rated for: What is the most frequent violation of OSHA electrical standards? Platforms shall not exceed a height of 20 feet (6.1 m). Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: A. Wrecking balls or jackhammers 3. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is: To send every worker home whole and healthy every day. Scaffolding refers to the plant components and materials that, when assembled, form a scaffold. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. 5% b. Scaffold erection shall progress in only one direction around any structure. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained plumb. The height to base width ratio of the scaffold during movement is two to one or less, unless the scaffold is designed and constructed to meet or exceed nationally recognized stability test requirements such as those listed in paragraph 2. If this is the approach at your job site, then: You must clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use. Chicken Ladder. "Bricklayers' square scaffolds (squares). Some simple scaffolds are little more than planks and guardrails over two constructing, using, and dismantling a scaffold is vital to protecting workers. "Fabricated frame scaffolds" (tubular welded frame scaffolds). Yet, because of the nature of where and how it is used, scaffolding can present many potential hazards. Cross-bracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. Caster stems and wheel stems shall be pinned or otherwise secured in scaffold legs or adjustment screws. When wood poles are constructed of two continuous lengths, they shall be joined together with the seam parallel to the bracket. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Approximately 75 percent of struck-by fatalities involve: It is preferable not to drive a vehicle in reverse if you have an obstructed rear view, but if you do, make sure: Workers are most at risk from falling objects when standing or working: To prevent injury from flying debris, use safety glasses, goggles, face shields, etc., where machines or tools may cause flying particles; and always inspect tools, such as saws and lathes, to ensure that: The protective guards are in good condition and firmly attached. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. Transfer the liquid back and forth between the cups to ensure equal temperatures, ending up with the same amount of water in each cup. You might get some help from www.HelpWriting.net Success and best regards! What Is The Molar Mass Of Calcium Chloride? Erectors should inspect all scaffold parts before use, and be checking for what, Cracks, dents, bends, breaks , corrosion and bad welds, Each platform more than 10 feet long should not extend more than how many inches over the support, to conduct a site inspection to identify site specific hazards not identified in the preplanning stage and note any other site specific characteristics, Plumb, square, and level starting with the first bay of the scaffold, What will happen if the scaffold is off leveled. Stilts, when used, shall be used in accordance with the following requirements: [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940. Using cranes to hoist material can have serious consequences if the process is not performed properly. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. The first step in building a scaffold is to: A scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level, because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Add lukewarm water to two plastic cups. (Do not use insulating Styrofoam cups.) Secure access to the scaffold. Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. Scaffold casters and wheels shall be locked with positive wheel and/or wheel and swivel locks, or equivalent means, to prevent movement of the scaffold while the scaffold is used in a stationary manner. All brace connections shall be secured. Runners must: Extend over two poles at minimum. Move the personnel platform slowly and cautiously and have a rotation-resistant rope with a safety factor of 10 Smith, Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. Found a mistake? Note: Except where . Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards: How to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them. e) must be made of pipe E WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be erected plumb and _____. Nothing should lean in any direction. The posts shall not be spaced more than 2.0 Mtrs. has financial rewards, with an estimated annual savings of $90 million for American Do not abuse or misuse the scaffold equipment. Scaffolds shall be used only for the purpose of working at the window opening through which the jack is placed. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. In addition to this human savings, working safely on scaffolds also Frequently used types of scaffolds include the Scaffolding work means the erection, alteration and dismantling of a scaffold. a. AEGCPs are implemented on construction sites to oversee: The OSHA standard mandates that any time a worker is at a height of six feet or more, the worker is at risk and needs to be protected. B. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. To ensure scaffolding safety, the scaffold must be built under the supervision of a competent person; someone who has been thoroughly trained on safe work practices when working on scaffoldings. Pump jack brackets, braces, and accessories shall be fabricated from metal plates and angles. Platform units shall be securely attached to the needle beams by bolts or equivalent means. A staging area is available. Couplers shall be of a structural metal, such as drop-forged steel, malleable iron, or structural grade aluminum. It provides a safe and stable platform for workers. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. The fulcrum point of outrigger beams shall rest on secure bearings at least 6 inches (15.2 cm) in each horizontal dimension. Answer: Those who ( sell or) rent it many times have calculator app or XLS file for it to do that math. A scaffold should always be erected: Choose one answer. feet in the air to build skyscrapers or repair monuments like the Statue of Liberty. Wooden bracket-form scaffolds shall be an integral part of the form panel. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Brackets shall be secured in place by at least one wire rope at least 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) in diameter. Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: OSHAs electrical standards are based on: What are the four main types of electrical injuries? The use of safe lifting postures and timing This process is known as: OSHA requires that many categories of PPE meet or be equivalent to standards developed by: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Where leveling of the scaffold is necessary, screw jacks or equivalent means shall be used. Ladders used to support ladder jacks shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. C. Any square or rectangular trench with a width that does not exceed 15 feet Whats going on at the molecular level? Braces, bearers, and runners shall not be spliced between poles. Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade Ensure that all scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for use. Runners shall extend over a minimum of two poles, and shall be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. Scaffolds must be plumb, level, and squared. Upon completion of the lesson, participants will be able to: Scaffolds shall be equipped with additional independent support lines, equal in number to the number of points supported, and of equivalent strength to the suspension ropes, and rigged to support the scaffold in the event the suspension rope(s) fail. Which of these is required if the workers body, hands or clothing may come into contact with moving parts? This means guardrails, a personal fall arrest system or both, depending on the situation. Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. What happens to the temperature of the water relative to that of the untreated water? Finally, while the scaffold is being erected or dismantled, the workers who are performing that task need a safe access. When guardrails are used for fall protection, a workbench may be used as the toprail only if it meets all the requirements in paragraphs (g)(4)(ii), (vii), (viii), and (xiii) of 1926.451. Scaffolds must be constructed of suitable structural materials. Bracing shall extend diagonally from the inner or outer posts or runners upward to the next outer or inner posts or runners. Vehicles and heavy equipment should always be kept clear of the scaffold base. All brace connections shall be secured. Learning Objectives . 6. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Runners and bearers shall be installed on edge. Scaffolds are fabricated from many materialssome common, and others not so Personal Fall Arrest System. B. Bamboo scaffolds Why? Before a scaffold is moved, each employee on the scaffold shall be made aware of the move. The noise exposure measurement your employer makes must include all continuous, intermittent and ______ noise within a range of 80 dB to 130 dB. Extreme weather or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold's stability. Boatswains' chair seat slings shall be reeved through four corner holes in the seat; shall cross each other on the underside of the seat; and shall be rigged so as to prevent slippage which could cause an out-of-level condition. Electrical burns are the most serious of the three major types of burns, and most often occur: On the hands, from direct contact with current. Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. Poles shall be secured to the structure by rigid triangular bracing or equivalent at the bottom, top, and other points as necessary. The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. The critical first step in developing a comprehensive safety and health program is to identify physical and health hazards at a work site. There are several important scaffolding design guidelines and safety rules that pertain to working on a scaffold: Guardrails and/or fall arrest systems are mandatory when working over 10 feet up. what to do and when to do it can save lives. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for tube and coupler scaffolds under 125 feet in height. Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. Using scaffolds properly can help prevent workplace accidents and injuries. A scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. sawhorses; others are much more complex, such as the scaffolds erected hundreds of If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal. 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a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because